1. Frameworks Execute The Same Code Repeatedly Without Need. Rasmus clarified that all frameworks that are for general purposes are not optimized for everbody's needs. A more specific complaint was that the solutions that frameworks offer lead to executing needless PHP code repeatedly in every HTTP request.Nov 23, 2020 · Rasmus is the name of someone who is very loving and caring. a Rasmus has a lot of energy and loves the outdoors. a Rasmus is very active, but also loves candy and sweets. a Rasmus is very attractive and many people love a Rasmus for their fun and crazy personality and gorgeous looks. a Rasmus will never let you down and is very loyal to friends and lovers. you can always trust a Rasmus. if ... Jul 7, 2022 · PHP is an incredibly popular programming language. Statistics say it’s used by 80% of all websites. It’s the language that powers WordPress, the widely used content management system for websites. And it also powers a lot of different frameworks that make Web Development easier, like Laravel. Speaking of Laravel, it Sep 8, 2019 · This year’s annual phpDay Italian PHP conference in Verona ended with a surprisingly reflective talk from the original creator of PHP. As the closing speaker, 50-year-old Rasmus Lerdorf looked back over the web backend programming language’s last 25 years, and offered some lessons learned from the evolution of a humble hypertext ... Aug 1, 2023 · Caution. The eval() language construct is very dangerous because it allows execution of arbitrary PHP code. Its use thus is discouraged. If you have carefully verified that there is no other option than to use this construct, pay special attention not to pass any user provided data into it without properly validating it beforehand. Aug 1, 2023 · RarEntry::getMethod — Get pack method of the entry. RarEntry::getName — Get name of the entry. RarEntry::getPackedSize — Get packed size of the entry. RarEntry::getStream — Get file handler for entry. RarEntry::getUnpackedSize — Get unpacked size of the entry. RarEntry::getVersion — Get minimum version of RAR program required to ... Rasmus Lerdorf was the original creator of PHP, which has evolved from his personal home page project into an open-source scripting language used worldwide. Lerdorf was interviewed recently via e ...Ease of use. When it comes to programming languages, PHP is one of the easier ones to learn. This is because even though its syntax is rigid, it is also forgiving. Aside from this obvious benefit, you can also access multiple libraries and resources to ensure that your code is optimized for speed and efficiency.Introduction to PHP. PHP is a server-side and general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development. PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page. However, now, it stands for Hypertext Preprocessor. It’s a recursive acronym because the first word itself is also an acronym. PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. Rasmus Lerdorf. Rasmus Lerdorf (born on 22 November 1968) is a Danish-Canadian programmer. He created the PHP scripting language, authoring the first two versions of the language and participated in the development of later versions led by a group of developers including Jim Winstead (who later created blo.gs), Stig Bakken, Shane Caraveo, Andi Gutmans, and Zeev Suraski.After a lot of work by a lot of developers, PHP 4.0 was released on May 22, 2000. Since that release, there have been a few minor releases of PHP 4, with the latest version as of this writing being 4.1.1. As this book goes to press, there is talk of PHP Version 5, which is likely to improve the internals of PHP’s object system.Jul 7, 2022 · PHP is an incredibly popular programming language. Statistics say it’s used by 80% of all websites. It’s the language that powers WordPress, the widely used content management system for websites. And it also powers a lot of different frameworks that make Web Development easier, like Laravel. Speaking of Laravel, it 4 IV. Operators A. Assignment 1. = += -= /= *= %= ++ -- - like most programming languages. 2. .= - string concatenation operator (see strings section). B. ArithmeticSimple, to the point, and compact--in fact, exactly what you've come to expect in an O'Reilly Pocket Reference--the second edition of PHP Pocket Reference is thoroughly updated to include the specifics of PHP 4.Written by the founder of the PHP Project, Rasmus Lerdorf, PHP Pocket Reference is both a handy introduction to PHP syntax and structure, and a quick reference to the vast array of ...Apr 4, 2002 · There is a newer edition of this item: Programming PHP: Creating Dynamic Web Pages. $30.07. (72) In Stock. PHP is a simple yet powerful open-source scripting language for creating dynamic web content. The millions of web sites powered by PHP are testament to its popularity and ease of use. Advantages of PHP : The most important advantage of PHP is that it’s open-source and free from cost. It can be downloaded anywhere and is readily available to use for events or web applications. It is platform-independent. PHP-based applications can run on any OS like UNIX, Linux, Windows, etc. Applications can easily be loaded which are ...Rasmus Winther Højlund ( Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁɑsmus ˈhʌjˌlɔnˀ]; [4] born 4 February 2003) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Premier League club Manchester United and the Denmark national team . Højlund graduated from Copenhagen 's youth academy, making his first-team debut for the club aged 17 in ...Statistics of Rasmus Kumpulainen, a hockey player from Lahti, Finland born Aug 8 2005 who was active from 2022 to 2023.Dec 6, 2019 · It is a real privilege to have the creator of the PHP language kicking off the return of the conference with an inspiring keynote!Rasmus will talk about all ... Sep 21, 2012 · 2. If you're using jQuery, you'll have to set up an AJAX request on the client side that sends a GET request to the server. You can then pull the data you supplied in the request from the $_GET [] array on the server side. $ (function () { var data = { sample_string: "hi", saveAs: "something" }; $.get ('/path/to/script.php', data, function ... The Zend Engine is a compiler and runtime environment for the PHP scripting language and consists of the Zend Virtual Machine, which is composed of the Zend Compiler and the Zend Executor, that compiles and executes the PHP code. [2] It was originally developed by Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski while they were students at the Technion – Israel ...Just read his first quote: "I did not develop the PHP we know today.", that should be enough. Your code is shit.. your argument is shit. I like offending people, because I think people who get offended should be offended. I wish everybody was as nice as I am. You know, I get the feeling he is a terrible programmer... Mar 15, 2000 · Statistics of Rasmus Kupari, a hockey player from Kotka, Finland born Mar 15 2000 who was active from 2017 to 2023. PHP is a type of open-source general-purpose scripting language fit for server-side programming. It is a popular choice in web development in creating dynamic pages and applications. The acronym used to stand for ‘Personal Home Page’. But, now, PHP is known as Hypertext Preprocessor.Rasmus' research focuses on understanding the intersections between culture, health, and well-being, and the role of resilience and protective factors in reducing health disparities among American Indian/Alaska Native peoples. Her expertise is in social and behavioral sciences and she has a broad background in medical anthropology and ... Jun 22, 2012 · [2010-01-08 21:26 UTC] endosquid at endosquid dot com I submit that you may have missed the point: We are passing a (possibly uninitialized, or null-valued) variable to the function, in hundreds of places and web pages, and we would not expect such a fundamental function to suddenly return a different result. PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language that many devs use for web development. It is also a general-purpose language that you can use to make lots of projects, including Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In this article, I will help you explore the world of PHP so you can learn how it works and its basic features.Programming PHP is an authoritative guide to PHP 4 and is filled with the unique knowledge of the creator of PHP, Rasmus Lerdorf. This book explains PHP language syntax and programming techniques in a clear and concise manner, with numerous examples that illustrate both correct usage and common idioms. The book also includes style tips and ...Aug 8, 2005 · Statistics of Rasmus Kumpulainen, a hockey player from Lahti, Finland born Aug 8 2005 who was active from 2022 to 2023. Sep 8, 2019 · This year’s annual phpDay Italian PHP conference in Verona ended with a surprisingly reflective talk from the original creator of PHP. As the closing speaker, 50-year-old Rasmus Lerdorf looked back over the web backend programming language’s last 25 years, and offered some lessons learned from the evolution of a humble hypertext ... Rasmus Lerdorf (born 22 November 1968) is a Danish-Canadian [1] programmer.Rasmus Lerdorf's work created the web as we know it, but he doesn't care for coding. "I really don't like programming. I built this tool to program less so that I could just reuse code," he said ...PHP frameworks. In his address he choose to highlight PHP frameworks (Drupal was not spared) and how poor they are at performance. Not only are they slow, but their "jack-of-all-trades" attitude ...Sep 5, 2023 · Ease of use. When it comes to programming languages, PHP is one of the easier ones to learn. This is because even though its syntax is rigid, it is also forgiving. Aside from this obvious benefit, you can also access multiple libraries and resources to ensure that your code is optimized for speed and efficiency. PHP is a server scripting language, and a powerful tool for making dynamic and interactive Web pages. PHP is a widely-used, free, and efficient alternative to competitors such as Microsoft's ASP. Start learning PHP now ».Rasmus Winther Højlund ( Danish pronunciation: [ˈʁɑsmus ˈhʌjˌlɔnˀ]; [4] born 4 February 2003) is a Danish professional footballer who plays as a forward for Premier League club Manchester United and the Denmark national team . Højlund graduated from Copenhagen 's youth academy, making his first-team debut for the club aged 17 in ...The full form of PHP is Hypertext Preprocessor. It was abbreviated previously as Personal Home Page. It is a programming language widely used to build web applications or websites. It is the server-side scripting language encoded with HTML to develop Dynamic website, Static website or Web applications. It was developed in 1994 by Rasmus Lerdorf.After nearly 7 years of service I retired my Asus RT-16 router, which wasn't really a router, but a re-purposed wifi access point running AdvancedTomato. In its place I got a Ubiquiti EdgeRouter Lite. It is Debian-based and has a dual-core 500MHz 64-Bit MIPS CPU (Cavium Octeon+), 512M of ram and a 4... Nov 12. 2013.Something happened to main Copyright © 2001-2023 The PHP Group; Other PHP.net sites; Privacy policyPHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared toward web development. It was created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994. The PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Group. PHP originally stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor.Rasmus Lerdorf is a computer programmer that was born in Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland on November 6th, 1968. A graduate of King City Secondary School in 1988, and from the University of Waterloo in ...Aug 29, 2008 · PHP frameworks. In his address he choose to highlight PHP frameworks (Drupal was not spared) and how poor they are at performance. Not only are they slow, but their "jack-of-all-trades" attitude ... PHP is A-OK for Templating. UGURUS offers elite coaching and mentorship for agency owners looking to grow. Start with the free Agency Accelerator today. PHP templating often gets a bad rap for facilitating subpar code — but that doesn’t have to be the case. Let’s look at how PHP projects can enforce a basic Model, View, Controller (MVC ...Rasmus Lerdorf is the original creator of PHP.Caution. The eval() language construct is very dangerous because it allows execution of arbitrary PHP code. Its use thus is discouraged. If you have carefully verified that there is no other option than to use this construct, pay special attention not to pass any user provided data into it without properly validating it beforehand.Nov 11, 2002 · Simple, to the point, and compact--in fact, exactly what you've come to expect in an O'Reilly Pocket Reference--the second edition of PHP Pocket Reference is thoroughly updated to include the specifics of PHP 4.Written by the founder of the PHP Project, Rasmus Lerdorf, PHP Pocket Reference is both a handy introduction to PHP syntax and structure, and a quick reference to the vast array of ... Documentation for the php7dev Vagrant box image. Contribute to rlerdorf/php7dev development by creating an account on GitHub.@rasmus. PHP in 2015 with a focus on performance 20 Years of PHP!?? Argh! PHP Announcement June 8, 1995 Posted to comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi Subject: Announce: Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools) Announcing the Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools) version 1.0. These tools are a set of small tight cgi binaries written in C.Simple, to the point, and compact--in fact, exactly what you've come to expect in an O'Reilly Pocket Reference--the second edition of PHP Pocket Reference is thoroughly updated to include the specifics of PHP 4.Written by the founder of the PHP Project, Rasmus Lerdorf, PHP Pocket Reference is both a handy introduction to PHP syntax and structure, and a quick reference to the vast array of ...Sep 8, 2019 · This year’s annual phpDay Italian PHP conference in Verona ended with a surprisingly reflective talk from the original creator of PHP. As the closing speaker, 50-year-old Rasmus Lerdorf looked back over the web backend programming language’s last 25 years, and offered some lessons learned from the evolution of a humble hypertext ... Rasmus' research focuses on understanding the intersections between culture, health, and well-being, and the role of resilience and protective factors in reducing health disparities among American Indian/Alaska Native peoples. Her expertise is in social and behavioral sciences and she has a broad background in medical anthropology and ... Programming PHP is an authoritative guide to PHP 4 and is filled with the unique knowledge of the creator of PHP, Rasmus Lerdorf. This book explains PHP language syntax and programming techniques in a clear and concise manner, with numerous examples that illustrate both correct usage and common idioms. The book also includes style tips and ... PHP Programming at Wikibooks. PHP is a general-purpose scripting language geared towards web development. [9] It was originally created by Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf in 1993 and released in 1995. [10] [11] The PHP reference implementation is now produced by the PHP Group. [12] PHP was originally an abbreviation of Personal Home ...PHP 3.0. PHP 3.0 was the first version that closely resembles PHP as it exists today. Zeev and Andi rewrote the interpreter and introduced a new extension API which makes it a lot easier for the community to contribute new extensions. With many new developers from around the world on board, PHP 3 was announced by the new PHP Development Team.@rasmus. PHP in 2015 with a focus on performance 20 Years of PHP!?? Argh! PHP Announcement June 8, 1995 Posted to comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi Subject: Announce: Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools) Announcing the Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools) version 1.0. These tools are a set of small tight cgi binaries written in C.Aug 30, 2021 · PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language that many devs use for web development. It is also a general-purpose language that you can use to make lots of projects, including Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In this article, I will help you explore the world of PHP so you can learn how it works and its basic features. Rasmus Lerdorf's work created the web as we know it, but he doesn't care for coding. "I really don't like programming. I built this tool to program less so that I could just reuse code," he said ...PHP has been around for almost as long as the Web. 25 years!Join me for a fun look at the highlights (and lowlights) of this crazy trip. But I will also be t...November 13, 2013 12:48 PM. PHP creator Rasmus Lerdorf with VentureBeat's Jolie O'Dell. Image Credit: Michael O'Donnell. PHP ‘s creator Rasmus Lerdorf did not intend to create an entirely new ...PHP/FI version 2.0 is a complete rewrite of these two packages combined into a single program. It has now evolved to the point where it is a simple programming language embedded inside HTML files. The original acronym, PHP, has stuck. It isn't really appropriate any longer.Nov 18, 2013 · Believe the hype: PHP founder backs Facebook's HipHop technology Rasmus Lerdorf also discusses language's security status, coming upgrades, and importance of getting out of the coder echo chamber PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language that many devs use for web development. It is also a general-purpose language that you can use to make lots of projects, including Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In this article, I will help you explore the world of PHP so you can learn how it works and its basic features.Aug 1, 2023 · Caution. The eval() language construct is very dangerous because it allows execution of arbitrary PHP code. Its use thus is discouraged. If you have carefully verified that there is no other option than to use this construct, pay special attention not to pass any user provided data into it without properly validating it beforehand. Mar 11, 2007 · We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. PHP is an open-source server-side scripting language that many devs use for web development. It is also a general-purpose language that you can use to make lots of projects, including Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs). In this article, I will help you explore the world of PHP so you can learn how it works and its basic features.PHP: Introduction Introduction PHP is one of the most prevalent Web programming languages for creating dynamic Web content. Its similarity to C’sAug 1, 2023 · PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. Nice, but what does that mean? Here we would like to show the very basics of PHP in a short, simple tutorial. This text only deals with dynamic web page creation with PHP, though PHP is not only capable of creating web pages. See the section titled What can PHP do for more information. PHP-enabled web pages are treated just like regular HTML pages and you can create and edit ...Apr 4, 2002 · There is a newer edition of this item: Programming PHP: Creating Dynamic Web Pages. $30.07. (72) In Stock. PHP is a simple yet powerful open-source scripting language for creating dynamic web content. The millions of web sites powered by PHP are testament to its popularity and ease of use. Rasmus is the name of someone who is very loving and caring. a Rasmus has a lot of energy and loves the outdoors. a Rasmus is very active, but also loves candy and sweets. a Rasmus is very attractive and many people love a Rasmus for their fun and crazy personality and gorgeous looks. a Rasmus will never let you down and is very loyal to friends and lovers. you can always trust a Rasmus. if ...Aug 1, 2023 · PHP Authors; Contribution Authors; Zend Scripting Language Engine : Andi Gutmans, Zeev Suraski, Stanislav Malyshev, Marcus Boerger, Dmitry Stogov, Xinchen Hui, Nikita Popov Rasmus' research focuses on understanding the intersections between culture, health, and well-being, and the role of resilience and protective factors in reducing health disparities among American Indian/Alaska Native peoples. Her expertise is in social and behavioral sciences and she has a broad background in medical anthropology and ...There are countless reasons to bash on PHP because, frankly, it is a pretty terrible language[1]. However, this is not a valid reason. The bug reporter is being idiotic and needlessly disrespectful, and is making a big deal out of something that can be easily fixed with a simple `sed` command, as Rasmus demonstrated. Jun 20, 2022 · Advantages of PHP : The most important advantage of PHP is that it’s open-source and free from cost. It can be downloaded anywhere and is readily available to use for events or web applications. It is platform-independent. PHP-based applications can run on any OS like UNIX, Linux, Windows, etc. Applications can easily be loaded which are ... Chapterwise Multiple Choice Questions on PHP. Our 1000+ MCQs focus on all topics of the PHP subject, covering 100+ topics. This will help you to prepare for exams, contests, online tests, quizzes, viva-voce, interviews, and certifications. You can practice these MCQs chapter by chapter starting from the 1st chapter or you can jump to any ... Sep 5, 2023 · Ease of use. When it comes to programming languages, PHP is one of the easier ones to learn. This is because even though its syntax is rigid, it is also forgiving. Aside from this obvious benefit, you can also access multiple libraries and resources to ensure that your code is optimized for speed and efficiency. by Rasmus Lerdorf, Kevin Tatroe, Peter MacIntyre. Released February 2013. Publisher (s): O'Reilly Media, Inc. ISBN: 9781449392772. Read it now on the O’Reilly learning platform with a 10-day free trial. O’Reilly members get unlimited access to books, live events, courses curated by job role, and more from O’Reilly and nearly 200 top ...JSON MCQs: This section contains JSON Multiple-Choice Questions with Answers. These JSON MCQs are written for beginners as well as advanced, practice these MCQs to enhance and test the knowledge of JSON.It is a server-side scripting language that is primarily used for website creation. PHP frameworks make Web Development simpler as well. PHP is the ideal choice for many Website Developers because because of its ease of use. Unlike other traditional programming languages, PHP is clear and well organized.We sit down with Rasmus Lerdorf, creator of the programming language PHP, to find out why he hates coding, loves Etsy and is the only Latino Eskimo in California. “I find programming boring and ...PHP is an open-source, interpreted, and object-oriented scripting language that can be executed at the server-side. PHP is well suited for web development. Therefore, it is used to develop web applications (an application that executes on the server and generates the dynamic page.). PHP was created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994 but appeared in the ...PHP is a server-side scripting language, which means that a server executes the instructions in a script. Then, the server provides data on request, channels the requests, and organizes the information in a database. When a web server receives a script, it will process the request and send output to a web browser in an HTML format.@rasmus. PHP in 2015 with a focus on performance 20 Years of PHP!?? Argh! PHP Announcement June 8, 1995 Posted to comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi Subject: Announce: Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools) Announcing the Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools) version 1.0. These tools are a set of small tight cgi binaries written in C.After a lot of work by a lot of developers, PHP 4.0 was released on May 22, 2000. Since that release, there have been a few minor releases of PHP 4, with the latest version as of this writing being 4.1.1. As this book goes to press, there is talk of PHP Version 5, which is likely to improve the internals of PHP’s object system. PHP is an incredibly popular programming language. Statistics say it’s used by 80% of all websites. It’s the language that powers WordPress, the widely used content management system for websites. And it also powers a lot of different frameworks that make Web Development easier, like Laravel. Speaking of Laravel, it
Rasmus is the name of someone who is very loving and caring. a Rasmus has a lot of energy and loves the outdoors. a Rasmus is very active, but also loves candy and sweets. a Rasmus is very attractive and many people love a Rasmus for their fun and crazy personality and gorgeous looks. a Rasmus will never let you down and is very loyal to friends and lovers. you can always trust a Rasmus. if .... Echo pb 250ln gas mix
メインページ; コミュニティ・ポータル; 最近の出来事; 新しいページ; 最近の更新; おまかせ表示; 練習用ページ; アップロード (ウィキメディア・コモンズ)Feb 4, 2002 · Rasmus Lerdorf was the original creator of PHP, which has evolved from his personal home page project into an open-source scripting language used worldwide. Lerdorf was interviewed recently via e ... Nov 11, 2002 · Simple, to the point, and compact--in fact, exactly what you've come to expect in an O'Reilly Pocket Reference--the second edition of PHP Pocket Reference is thoroughly updated to include the specifics of PHP 4.Written by the founder of the PHP Project, Rasmus Lerdorf, PHP Pocket Reference is both a handy introduction to PHP syntax and structure, and a quick reference to the vast array of ... Believe the hype: PHP founder backs Facebook's HipHop technology Rasmus Lerdorf also discusses language's security status, coming upgrades, and importance of getting out of the coder echo chamberPHP has been around for almost as long as the Web. 25 years!Join me for a fun look at the highlights (and lowlights) of this crazy trip. But I will also be t... Mar 23, 2022. 1. PHP is an all-around general-purpose scripting language geared toward web development. Danish-Canadian programmer Rasmus Lerdorf created it in 1994. The PHP Group now delivers the PHP reference performance. PHP initially stood for Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor ...[2017-01-30 18:07 UTC] [email protected] Description: ----- Playing a bit with the Microsoft Tolerant PHP parser and I noticed a segfault. Filing a bug here so I don't forget about it.Programming PHP, 2nd Edition. by Rasmus Lerdorf, Kevin Tatroe, Peter MacIntyre. Released April 2006. Publisher (s): O'Reilly Media, Inc. ISBN: 9780596006815. Read it now on the O’Reilly learning platform with a 10-day free trial. O’Reilly members get unlimited access to books, live events, courses curated by job role, and more from O ...Mar 11, 2007 · We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. Rasmus Lerdorf is the original creator of PHP.Kelebihan PHP Dari Bahasa Pemrograman Lain. Beberapa kelebihan PHP untuk bahasa pemrograman web, antara lain: Bahasa pemrograman PHP adalah sebuah bahasa script yang tidak melakukan sebuah kompilasi dalam penggunaannya.メインページ; コミュニティ・ポータル; 最近の出来事; 新しいページ; 最近の更新; おまかせ表示; 練習用ページ; アップロード (ウィキメディア・コモンズ) PHP is a type of open-source general-purpose scripting language fit for server-side programming. It is a popular choice in web development in creating dynamic pages and applications. The acronym used to stand for ‘Personal Home Page’. But, now, PHP is known as Hypertext Preprocessor.Rasmus Lerdorf. Lerdorf talks about security with Joomla! developers at OSCMS 2007 Conference. Rasmus Lerdorf (born 22 November 1968) is a Danish-Canadian [1] programmer. He co-authored and inspired the PHP scripting language, authoring the first two versions of the language and participating in the development of later versions led by a group ... RarEntry::getMethod — Get pack method of the entry. RarEntry::getName — Get name of the entry. RarEntry::getPackedSize — Get packed size of the entry. RarEntry::getStream — Get file handler for entry. RarEntry::getUnpackedSize — Get unpacked size of the entry. RarEntry::getVersion — Get minimum version of RAR program required to ...Aug 1, 2023 · PHP (recursive acronym for PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) is a widely-used open source general-purpose scripting language that is especially suited for web development and can be embedded into HTML. Nice, but what does that mean? .