Who owns ka - May 13, 2020 · Apollo Global Management, a $330 billion investment firm overseen by Leon Black, owns RCCH Healthcare Partners, an operator of 88 rural hospital campuses in West Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky and ...

 
Hyundai, the largest manufacturer in the country, purchased 51% of Kia’s shares and became Kia’s parent company. The purchase saved Kia and formed the Hyundai Motor Group, solidifying Hyundai’s hold on the car manufacturing market in South Korea. Today, Hyundai owns just over 33% of Kia. Kia remains a part of the Hyundai Motors Group.. Boar

Hugo Torres. Service Director. Warranties include 10-year/100,000-mile powertrain and 5-year/60,000-mile basic. All warranties and roadside assistance are limited. New 2023 Kia Inventory Near Sebastian FL. Your options on new Kia cars, vans, crossovers and SUVs are virtually limitless at Kia of Vero Beach. Our fantastic selection of new 2023 Kia models could have you driving out of our dealership in style with our popular models like the 2023 Kia Sportage, New Kia K5, New Kia Forte, New Kia Sorento, and ...Kia Dealership in Dartmouth, MA. Whenever you're interested in getting a good deal on a Kia, come to Kia of Dartmouth, where you'll find the new Kia and used vehicles and services that you need. Whether you're searching for a minivan or an SUV, you'll find lots of quality models in stock, and you'll be happy to know that we have sales team ...Welcome to Kia Delray, a certified Kia car dealership serving customers throughout Boca Raton, Boynton Beach, Palm Beach Gardens, and beyond! As one of the most recommended South Florida Kia dealership locations, we’re proud of our vast selection of Kia vehicles for sale. Each of our new vehicles is backed by industry-leading warranty ... Who Owns Hyundai and Kia. When it comes to who owns Kia, you need a little history lesson about this juggernaut of South Korean automobiles. Kia Motors was originally known by the name Kyungsung Precision Industry, and started in 1944 where they made steel tubing and bicycles parts which eventually led to the creation of South Korea’s first domestic bike in 1951 and the following year ... KA was launched in the 1960s based on original Jamaican soft drink recipes. The recipes for the KA range are authentic, great-tasting flavours offering consumers a true taste of the Caribbean. KA is available in a range of pack formats.Kia Dealership in Houston TX | Serving Houston and Conroe | DeMontrond Kia. 832-501-3069. 832-234-9564.Welcome to Kia Delray, a certified Kia car dealership serving customers throughout Boca Raton, Boynton Beach, Palm Beach Gardens, and beyond! As one of the most recommended South Florida Kia dealership locations, we’re proud of our vast selection of Kia vehicles for sale. Each of our new vehicles is backed by industry-leading warranty ... Make your way to Kia Store East in Louisville today for quality vehicles, a friendly team, and professional service at every step of the way. And if you have any questions for us, you can always get in touch at (502) 814-0456.Welcome to Kia of Bowie. At Kia of Bowie, we proudly serve drivers from all over the Bowie, MD area with a great selection of new and pre-owned vehicles, helpful financing assistance, and professional kia servicing.LMP Automotive, which is selling a portfolio of six dealerships, still owns what are now called Kia of Cape Coral and Kia of Port Charlotte. LMP Automotive and the two dealership general managers ...Hugo Torres. Service Director. Warranties include 10-year/100,000-mile powertrain and 5-year/60,000-mile basic. All warranties and roadside assistance are limited.[2] A traditional Ka-Bar knife and leather sheath of unknown age The knife proved easy to manufacture, and the first run was shipped Jan. 27, 1943, by Camillus Cutlery Company. [2] Early History. The company was founded in December 1944 when it went by the name of Kyungsung Precision Industry. Its main business at the time was to manufacture steel tubing as well as parts for bicycles. It was the first company to produce a bicycle indigenously in Korea. The company changed its name in 1952 to Kia Industries. LMP Automotive, which is selling a portfolio of six dealerships, still owns what are now called Kia of Cape Coral and Kia of Port Charlotte. LMP Automotive and the two dealership general managers ...Feb 28, 2023 · According to consumerreports.org, the Hyundai Motor Company owns 33% of the Kia company and thus is the technical owner of the brand. They invested in them recently and brought them into their lineup of brands. SeungKyo Yoon is the CEO of Kia American, and Steven Center is the COO of the American version of the company. New 2023 Kia Inventory Near Sebastian FL. Your options on new Kia cars, vans, crossovers and SUVs are virtually limitless at Kia of Vero Beach. Our fantastic selection of new 2023 Kia models could have you driving out of our dealership in style with our popular models like the 2023 Kia Sportage, New Kia K5, New Kia Forte, New Kia Sorento, and ... When Kia was founded in 1944, it wasn’t known for its cars—rather, it was a manufacturer of steel tubing and bicycles! Throughout the 60s and 70s, Kia transitioned to motorcycles, trucks, and cars.When Kia was founded in 1944, it wasn’t known for its cars—rather, it was a manufacturer of steel tubing and bicycles! Throughout the 60s and 70s, Kia transitioned to motorcycles, trucks, and cars.Kia makes reasonable efforts to ensure that information contained in its press releases is accurate at the time of posting. However, Kia makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy of the content presented.Kia is South Korea’s oldest carmaker and was founded in 1944 as Kyungsung Precision Industry – a maker of steel tubing and bicycle parts. It also made Korea’s first indigenous bicycle – the Samchully in 1951. It began building Honda motorcycles under license in 1957 and Mazda trucks – also under license in 1962.Aug 30, 2020 · Since 2015, J.D. Power recognizes the Kia brand as the highest ranked mainstream brand in terms of initial quality. So, it’s pretty safe to say that you probably will find joy in a brand new Kia. Oh, and yes. Hyundai does own Kia. Only, 33% of the stakes, but it’s had shares in the Kia brand since 1997. Hyundai Motor Group, also a South Korean automaker, owns Kia, Genesis Motors, and Hyundai. Kia stock isn’t listed on a U.S. exchange, but it's available on the OTC (over-the-counter) market to ...KaiOS is a mobile Linux distribution for keypad feature phones based on the Firefox OS open-source project. [6] It is developed by KaiOS Technologies (Hong Kong) Limited; a company based in Hong Kong, whose largest shareholder is Chinese electronics conglomerate TCL Corporation. [7] [1] KaiOS runs on feature phones made with low-power hardware ...However, the company was saved in 1998 after reaching an agreement with Hyundai Motor Company that resulted in Hyundai acquiring 51% of Kia Motors and selling a number of its subsidiaries to Kia. Today, Hyundai is considered a parent company of Kia Motors, owning a little over one third of Kia with Kia retaining ownership of more than 20 ... Jun 28, 2023 · 2024 Kia EV9 Is the Family-Size EV. The electric SUV boasts three rows, three powertrains, and up to 300 miles on a charge. By Mark Takahashi Published: Jun 28, 2023. View Photos. Kia. As we ... Apollo Global Management, a $330 billion investment firm overseen by Leon Black, owns RCCH Healthcare Partners, an operator of 88 rural hospital campuses in West Virginia, Tennessee, Kentucky and ...Early History. The company was founded in December 1944 when it went by the name of Kyungsung Precision Industry. Its main business at the time was to manufacture steel tubing as well as parts for bicycles. It was the first company to produce a bicycle indigenously in Korea. The company changed its name in 1952 to Kia Industries. According to consumerreports.org, the owner of the Hyundai Brand is the Hyundai Motor Company. This corporation is powerful. It also owns part of the Kia and Genesis brands, stretching further across the market than many other car companies. Hyundai is a quality brand with an opportunity for growth.Kia makes reasonable efforts to ensure that information contained in its press releases is accurate at the time of posting. However, Kia makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy of the content presented.Kia Dealership in Houston TX | Serving Houston and Conroe | DeMontrond Kia. 832-501-3069. 832-234-9564.Freightliner, Thomas Built Buses, Detroit Diesel, and Smart Automobile are also part of Daimler. In 2020, Daimler was forced to pay $2.2 billion for cheating on the emissions requirements of the ...Apr 4, 2022 · Starting Monday, Los Angeles' landmark "The Forum" Sports and Entertainment Arena in Inglewood has a new name, "Kia Forum." Passersby in Inglewood last Thursday saw a new sign being raised outside ... IRVINE, Calif., October 31, 2019 – Kia Motors America (KMA) today announced the appointment of Michel Cole as president, effective November 11th. Cole has served as KMA’s chief operating officer and executive vice president since joining the company from Kia Motors Europe in May 2018. At KMA, Cole has played a vital role in the successful ...Feb 28, 2023 · According to consumerreports.org, the Hyundai Motor Company owns 33% of the Kia company and thus is the technical owner of the brand. They invested in them recently and brought them into their lineup of brands. SeungKyo Yoon is the CEO of Kia American, and Steven Center is the COO of the American version of the company. Hugo Torres. Service Director. Warranties include 10-year/100,000-mile powertrain and 5-year/60,000-mile basic. All warranties and roadside assistance are limited. Visit Kia Of Attleboro for a variety of new and pre-owned cars by Kia in the Attleboro area. Our Kia dealership, serving North Attleboro, Pawtucket, Providence and Swansea MA, is ready to assist you! Apr 4, 2022 · Starting Monday, Los Angeles' landmark "The Forum" Sports and Entertainment Arena in Inglewood has a new name, "Kia Forum." Passersby in Inglewood last Thursday saw a new sign being raised outside ... Mark Zuckerberg has added 110 acres to his controversial 1,500-acre estate in Kauai, Hawaii, dropping $17m for the purchase. The 110 acres of land that the Facebook founder and his wife recently ...Nevertheless, the smallest SUV made by Hyundai is the Hyundai Venue, which is basically in the same class as the Kia Soul. It starts at $19,000. Then there is its bigger brother the Kona. The Kona is a model in the same class as the Kia Seltos, a bit bigger than the Venue. This model starts at $21,300.Jun 25, 2019 · Answered by CarsGuide. 25 Jun 2019 Lily Murray. Kia is a publicly traded company but is partially owned by Hyundai Motor Group. Hyundai also own Genesis, their luxury subsidiary. Disclaimer: You acknowledge and agree that all answers are provided as a general guide only and should not be relied upon as bespoke advice. Since 2015, J.D. Power recognizes the Kia brand as the highest ranked mainstream brand in terms of initial quality. So, it’s pretty safe to say that you probably will find joy in a brand new Kia. Oh, and yes. Hyundai does own Kia. Only, 33% of the stakes, but it’s had shares in the Kia brand since 1997.About us. Al Majid Motors Co L.L.C. is a proud member of Juma Al Majid Holding Group, one of the most well-known business groups in the Arabian Gulf region. As a sole distributor of Kia range of vehicles since 1988 in the UAE, AMMC has been engaged in selling a range of Kia vehicles through a network of 10 sales outlets and supporting an after ... Lease a New 2023 Kia Forte GT-Line IVT. $156. Per month for 24 Months. Plus tax AND license. $2757 Due At Signing. Expires 09/05/2023. VIN:3KPF54AD7PE630345. Simon Malone. Founder, Ka'Chava Jordan Phillips So Delicious! I was looking for a vegan meal replacement that filled me up, was healthy for me & tasted good. Ka'Chava does just that. I love the chocolate flavor. So delicious! try it risk-free 100% Money Back Guarantee Honda owns: Acura. Hyundai owns: Kia. Tata Motors (India) owns: Jaguar and Land Rover. Mazda is independently owned. Mitsubishi is independently owned. Daimler AG owns: Mercedes-Benz and Smart. Nissan owns: Infiniti. (Nissan, in turn, is owned by Renault.) Saab is owned by National Electric Vehicle Sweden (NEVS).Answered by CarsGuide. 25 Jun 2019 Lily Murray. Kia is a publicly traded company but is partially owned by Hyundai Motor Group. Hyundai also own Genesis, their luxury subsidiary. Disclaimer: You acknowledge and agree that all answers are provided as a general guide only and should not be relied upon as bespoke advice.Cutco Corporation, formerly Alcas Corporation, is an American company that sells knives, predominantly through direct sales or multi-level marketing. It is the parent company of CUTCO Cutlery Corp., Vector Marketing, Ka-Bar Knives, and Schilling Forge. Its primary brand is named Cutco . The company was founded in 1949 by Alcoa and Case Cutlery ... Schedule Service, and Order OEM Kia Parts. Visit Kia of Everett's Service Center for all your automotive needs at our state-of-the-art service center. From routine tire rotations and precise check engine diagnoses to expert brake repairs and beyond, our highly skilled technicians are here to keep your vehicle running smoothly and efficiently.Welcome to Kia of Cleveland serving customers in the Chattanooga and surrounding area. At Kia of Cleveland, we have the Kia options that you want and need including the always popular Optima, Forte, Sedona, Soul, Sportage, and more. When you are looking for the style of a Kia with the peace of mind that their warranty offers, then you should ...Hugo Torres. Service Director. Warranties include 10-year/100,000-mile powertrain and 5-year/60,000-mile basic. All warranties and roadside assistance are limited.Since 2015, J.D. Power recognizes the Kia brand as the highest ranked mainstream brand in terms of initial quality. So, it’s pretty safe to say that you probably will find joy in a brand new Kia. Oh, and yes. Hyundai does own Kia. Only, 33% of the stakes, but it’s had shares in the Kia brand since 1997.Kia Forum (formerly the Forum) is a multi-purpose indoor arena in Inglewood, California, United States, adjacent to Los Angeles. Located between West Manchester Boulevard, across Pincay Drive and Kareem Court, it is north of SoFi Stadium and the Hollywood Park Casino, and about 3 miles (4.8 km) east of the Los Angeles International Airport (LAX ... As of 2011, Hyundai owns 33.7% of Kia Motors. On May 22, 2022, the Hyundai Motor Group announced the company would invest an additional $5 billion in the United States by the year 2025. The investment would strengthen collaboration with US firms in areas such as; urban air mobility, autonomous driving, artificial intelligence, and robotics. Access your saved cars on any device.; Receive Price Alert emails when price changes, new offers become available or a vehicle is sold. 2024 Kia EV9 Is the Family-Size EV. The electric SUV boasts three rows, three powertrains, and up to 300 miles on a charge. By Mark Takahashi Published: Jun 28, 2023. View Photos. Kia. As we ...Make your way to Kia Store East in Louisville today for quality vehicles, a friendly team, and professional service at every step of the way. And if you have any questions for us, you can always get in touch at (502) 814-0456. Early History. The company was founded in December 1944 when it went by the name of Kyungsung Precision Industry. Its main business at the time was to manufacture steel tubing as well as parts for bicycles. It was the first company to produce a bicycle indigenously in Korea. The company changed its name in 1952 to Kia Industries. Find us at: 2525 Kaanapali Parkway, Lahaina, HI 96761. Call us at: 1-800-442-7308. E-mail: [email protected] owns: Acura. Hyundai owns: Kia. Tata Motors (India) owns: Jaguar and Land Rover. Mazda is independently owned. Mitsubishi is independently owned. Daimler AG owns: Mercedes-Benz and Smart. Nissan owns: Infiniti. (Nissan, in turn, is owned by Renault.) Saab is owned by National Electric Vehicle Sweden (NEVS).Hyundai Motor Group, also a South Korean automaker, owns Kia, Genesis Motors, and Hyundai. Kia stock isn’t listed on a U.S. exchange, but it's available on the OTC (over-the-counter) market to ...Shareholders table; Shareholder Number of shares Ownership; Hyundai Motor Company: 137,318,251: 33.88%: Employee stock ownership: 7,392,083: 1.82%: Treasury stockKia makes reasonable efforts to ensure that information contained in its press releases is accurate at the time of posting. However, Kia makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy of the content presented.Kia Europe is the European sales, marketing and service division of Kia Corporation, based in Seoul, South Korea. With its purpose-built headquarters located in the heart of Frankfurt, Germany, Kia Europe’s staff is efficiently run and highly motivated. The company structure encourages individuals to make vital contributions to its operations ... 8223 Southport Dr. Manhattan, KS 66502-8113. Get Directions. Visit Website. Email this Business. (785) 236-7002. Average of 10 Customer Reviews.Find us at: 2525 Kaanapali Parkway, Lahaina, HI 96761. Call us at: 1-800-442-7308. E-mail: [email protected] 28, 2023 · According to consumerreports.org, the Hyundai Motor Company owns 33% of the Kia company and thus is the technical owner of the brand. They invested in them recently and brought them into their lineup of brands. SeungKyo Yoon is the CEO of Kia American, and Steven Center is the COO of the American version of the company. Ka-Bar (/ ˈ k eɪ. b ɑːr /; trademarked as KA-BAR) is the contemporary popular name for the combat knife first adopted by the United States Marine Corps in November 1942 as the 1219C2 combat knife (later designated the USMC Mark 2 combat knife or Knife, Fighting Utility), and subsequently adopted by the United States Navy as the U.S. Navy ...Hugo Torres. Service Director. Warranties include 10-year/100,000-mile powertrain and 5-year/60,000-mile basic. All warranties and roadside assistance are limited. New 2023 Kia Inventory Near Sebastian FL. Your options on new Kia cars, vans, crossovers and SUVs are virtually limitless at Kia of Vero Beach. Our fantastic selection of new 2023 Kia models could have you driving out of our dealership in style with our popular models like the 2023 Kia Sportage, New Kia K5, New Kia Forte, New Kia Sorento, and ... Jun 29, 2020 · and last updated 4:30 PM, Jun 29, 2020. LAWRENCE, Kan. — A metro law firm has filed a class action lawsuit against Lawrence Kia. The suit, filed by the Independence firm Humphrey, Farrington ... Lease a New 2023 Kia Forte GT-Line IVT. $156. Per month for 24 Months. Plus tax AND license. $2757 Due At Signing. Expires 09/05/2023. VIN:3KPF54AD7PE630345.Apr 12, 2023 · With a 4.8/5 star average rating based on 20,184 customer reviews on the brand’s website, I already get the idea there’s something special about this all-in-one supplement. Before I reveal what users have to say, take a look at the rating snapshot below: 5 stars: 87%. 4 stars: 7%. 3 stars: 3%. KA was launched in the 1960s based on original Jamaican soft drink recipes. The recipes for the KA range are authentic, great-tasting flavours offering consumers a true taste of the Caribbean. KA is available in a range of pack formats.However, the company was saved in 1998 after reaching an agreement with Hyundai Motor Company that resulted in Hyundai acquiring 51% of Kia Motors and selling a number of its subsidiaries to Kia. Today, Hyundai is considered a parent company of Kia Motors, owning a little over one third of Kia with Kia retaining ownership of more than 20 ... Early History. The company was founded in December 1944 when it went by the name of Kyungsung Precision Industry. Its main business at the time was to manufacture steel tubing as well as parts for bicycles. It was the first company to produce a bicycle indigenously in Korea. The company changed its name in 1952 to Kia Industries.After Hyundai Motor Corporation, it is the second-largest manufacturer in the nation, with its headquarters in Seoul. They sold 3.3 million vehicles globally in 2015. They were a portion of the Hyundai Company’s holdings by the end of 2015. In exchange, Kia owns a small portion of more than 20 Hyundai subsidiaries. A history of HyundaiLMP Automotive, which is selling a portfolio of six dealerships, still owns what are now called Kia of Cape Coral and Kia of Port Charlotte. LMP Automotive and the two dealership general managers ...H+H Kia of Omaha in Omaha, NE offers new and pre-owned Kia cars, trucks, and SUVs to our customers near Council Bluffs. Visit us for sales, financing, service, and parts!Hyundai owns Kia! 51% ANSWER With its headquarters in SEOUL , the company is partly owned by the HYUNDAI KIA AUTOMOTIVE GROUP. Since August 21, 2009, Hyoung-Keun (Hank) Lee leads the company's ...LMP Automotive, which is selling a portfolio of six dealerships, still owns what are now called Kia of Cape Coral and Kia of Port Charlotte. LMP Automotive and the two dealership general managers ...KA was launched in the 1960s based on original Jamaican soft drink recipes. The recipes for the KA range are authentic, great-tasting flavours offering consumers a true taste of the Caribbean. KA is available in a range of pack formats. Feb 28, 2023 · According to consumerreports.org, the Hyundai Motor Company owns 33% of the Kia company and thus is the technical owner of the brand. They invested in them recently and brought them into their lineup of brands. SeungKyo Yoon is the CEO of Kia American, and Steven Center is the COO of the American version of the company. Simon Malone. Founder, Ka'Chava Jordan Phillips So Delicious! I was looking for a vegan meal replacement that filled me up, was healthy for me & tasted good. Ka'Chava does just that. I love the chocolate flavor. So delicious! try it risk-free 100% Money Back Guarantee LA Forum changes its name to Kia Forum 00:25. Starting Monday, Los Angeles' landmark "The Forum" Sports and Entertainment Arena in Inglewood has a new name, "Kia Forum."Welcome to Kia of Bowie. At Kia of Bowie, we proudly serve drivers from all over the Bowie, MD area with a great selection of new and pre-owned vehicles, helpful financing assistance, and professional kia servicing.According to consumerreports.org, the Hyundai Motor Company owns 33% of the Kia company and thus is the technical owner of the brand. They invested in them recently and brought them into their lineup of brands. SeungKyo Yoon is the CEO of Kia American, and Steven Center is the COO of the American version of the company.Sep 30, 2019 · Plus, occasional shakeups can cause companies to change hands. For example, Vauxhall and Opel were British- and European-focused brands owned by General Motors for decades. However, PSA Group ...

Phone Number: Call 1-949-468-4800 to reach Kia headquarters. You can also choose to submit a letter or documents to the corporate office via fax at 1-949-468-4515. Contact phone numbers are available for some members of the corporate leadership on the contact page [+]. Email: The best bet for contacting a member of the corporate office .... Suv for sale under dollar5 000 craigslist

who owns ka

Who Owns Kia? Kia was formed by Kim Chul Ho who was born in 1905 in Korea. When he was a teen, he lived in Japan and worked in a steel mill. He would set up a business making nuts and bolts for bicycles in Osaka. Kim then returned to Korea and formed Kyungsung Precision Industry. Kim then changed the name to Kia and started making bikes.Shareholders table; Shareholder Number of shares Ownership; Hyundai Motor Company: 137,318,251: 33.88%: Employee stock ownership: 7,392,083: 1.82%: Treasury stockKia Europe is the European sales, marketing and service division of Kia Corporation, based in Seoul, South Korea. With its purpose-built headquarters located in the heart of Frankfurt, Germany, Kia Europe’s staff is efficiently run and highly motivated. The company structure encourages individuals to make vital contributions to its operations ...Make your way to Kia Store East in Louisville today for quality vehicles, a friendly team, and professional service at every step of the way. And if you have any questions for us, you can always get in touch at (502) 814-0456.Apr 12, 2023 · With a 4.8/5 star average rating based on 20,184 customer reviews on the brand’s website, I already get the idea there’s something special about this all-in-one supplement. Before I reveal what users have to say, take a look at the rating snapshot below: 5 stars: 87%. 4 stars: 7%. 3 stars: 3%. 928-344-5345. Service 928-314-1077. Parts 928-314-1077. Directions. Kia of Yuma. New Inventory. Pre-Owned Inventory. EV/Hybrid. Shopping Tools.Phone Number: Call 1-949-468-4800 to reach Kia headquarters. You can also choose to submit a letter or documents to the corporate office via fax at 1-949-468-4515. Contact phone numbers are available for some members of the corporate leadership on the contact page [+]. Email: The best bet for contacting a member of the corporate office ...Kia makes reasonable efforts to ensure that information contained in its press releases is accurate at the time of posting. However, Kia makes no guarantees or warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy of the content presented.Hugo Torres. Service Director. Warranties include 10-year/100,000-mile powertrain and 5-year/60,000-mile basic. All warranties and roadside assistance are limited.New and Used Kia dealership in Oakland | Oakland Kia. Sales (510) 267-0688. Service: (510) 267-0699. Parts: (510) 267-0677. Directions. Location of This Business. 626 South Citrus Avenue, Covina, CA 91723-3415. Years in Business: 11. Business Started: 9/1/2011. Business Incorporated: 1/1/1999. Type of Entity: New 2023 Kia Inventory Near Sebastian FL. Your options on new Kia cars, vans, crossovers and SUVs are virtually limitless at Kia of Vero Beach. Our fantastic selection of new 2023 Kia models could have you driving out of our dealership in style with our popular models like the 2023 Kia Sportage, New Kia K5, New Kia Forte, New Kia Sorento, and ... KA recipes offer an authentic taste of the Caribbean KA was launched in the 1960s based on original Jamaican soft drink recipes. These recipes offer an authentic taste of the Caribbean. Brand facts • KA was launched in the 1960s by Kenneth Abbott and based on original Jamaican .

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